低维螺旋磁体纳米条带中磁场驱动的磁结构演变规律

利用蒙特卡洛方法研究了低维螺旋磁体纳米条带中磁场驱动的磁结构演变规律,以及偶极相互作用对螺旋磁体纳米条带中磁结构的影响。研究表明,螺旋磁体纳米条带中的自旋结构由自旋的面内取向平行或垂直于边界的边缘态和中间聚集态两部分构成。在一定范围内增加外磁场,条带边缘平行于边界的自旋排列将增多,最终将在条带外围形成大的磁涡旋环,该涡旋环十分稳定,即使在很强的外磁场下仍然存在。处于条带中间的聚集态随着外磁场的增大,从磁螺旋态逐步过渡到Skyrmions态,最终形成铁磁态。Skyrmions的排列状况与条带尺寸密切相关。此外,偶极相互作用对磁矩平行于边界且首尾顺次连接的排列起积极作用,在无外磁场作用下,随着偶极相互作用的增大,体系终将形成涡旋态。     

Recent highlights in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) is an elemental analysis technique that has been employed for virtually all types of samples. Traditionally, hollow cathode lamps, line excitation sources, have been employed for excitation. However, in the past two decades, high resolution continuum source (HR CS) GFAAS has been shown to offer greater potential for multielemental analysis, greater flexibility in wavelength selection, the ability to determine molecules, and better characterization and correction for spectral backgrounds. The recent analytical literature is critically reviewed, including solubilization and preconcentration procedures. Solid and slurry sampling have been the focus of recent work; in particular, the enhanced capabilities of HR CS GFAAS provide green methodology with suitable sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. GFAAS has also been employed for elemental speciation, including characterization of forms using the atomization profiles.     

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采用自主研发的全三维PIC/MCC软件对JAEA 10A多峰负氢离子源进行系统仿真,分析了电极布局对H?体积产生效率的影响.模拟结果显示:放电功率一定的情况下,增加电极数目,高能电子导致的横向漂移相对减弱,进而得到相对均匀的H?束;但电子的相对利用率越低,导致H?体积产生效率较低.电极越靠近过滤磁区,高能电子导致的横向漂移相对增强,H?体积产生效率较低.改变电极数量,H?体积产生效率和空间均匀性不可兼得,电极远离磁过滤区,可实现双赢.     

红外波段下湿度对偏振光传输特性的影响

针对红外波段下湿度对偏振光传输特性的影响问题,以自然界中较常见的烟煤粒子作为研究对象,采用蒙特卡洛法仿真研究,不同红外波段下湿度对线偏光和圆偏光传输特性的影响情况及其之间差异特性.结果表明:在短波波段,线偏光与圆偏光的偏振度随湿度的增加都呈现逐渐上升的趋势;在中波波段,随湿度的增加两种偏振光都呈现下降趋势;而在长波波段,湿度对偏振状态几乎没有影响.进一步比较可知,在短波波段,圆偏光具有更好的偏振特性,而在中长波情况下,线偏光的偏振特性更加显著.因此,在应用红外偏振进行探测时,本研究对波段的选取、湿度的控制及偏振态的应用具有重要的指导意义.     

Monte Carlo simulation of ion–material interactions in nuclear fusion devices

One of the key aspects regarding the technological development of nuclear fusion reactors is the understanding of the interaction between high-energy ions coming from the confined plasma and the materials that the plasma-facing components are made of. Among the multiple issues important to plasma–wall interactions in fusion devices, physical erosion and composition changes induced by energetic particle bombardment are considered critical due to possible material flaking, changes to surface roughness, impurity transport and the alteration of physicochemical properties of the near surface region due to phenomena such as redeposition or implantation. A Monte Carlo code named MATILDA (Modeling of Atomic Transport in Layered Dynamic Arrays) has been developed over the years to study phenomena related to ion beam bombardment such as erosion rate, composition changes, interphase mixing and material redeposition, which are relevant issues to plasma-aided manufacturing of microelectronics, components on object exposed to intense solar wind, fusion reactor technology and other important industrial fields. In the present work, the code is applied to study three cases of plasma material interactions relevant to fusion devices in order to highlight the code’s capabilities: (1) the Be redeposition process on the ITER divertor, (2) physical erosion enhancement in castellated surfaces and (3) damage to multilayer mirrors used on EUV diagnostics in fusion devices due to particle bombardment.     

Differentially weighted direct simulation Monte Carlo method for particle collision in gas–solid flows

In gas–solid flows, particle–particle interaction (typical, particle collision) is highly significant, despite the small particles fractional volume. Widely distributed polydisperse particle population is a typical characteristic during dynamic evolution of particles (e.g., agglomeration and fragmentation) in spite of their initial monodisperse particle distribution. The conventional direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method for particle collision tracks equally weighted simulation particles, which results in high statistical noise for particle fields if there are insufficient simulation particles in less-populated regions. In this study, a new differentially weighted DSMC (DW-DSMC) method for collisions of particles with different number weight is proposed within the framework of the general Eulerian–Lagrangian models for hydrodynamics. Three schemes (mass, momentum and energy conservation) were developed to restore the numbers of simulation particle while keeping total mass, momentum or energy of the whole system unchanged respectively. A limiting case of high-inertia particle flow was numerically simulated to validate the DW-DSMC method in terms of computational precision and efficiency. The momentum conservation scheme which leads to little fluctuation around the mass and energy of the whole system performed best. Improved resolution in particle fields and dynamic behavior could be attained simultaneously using DW-DSMC, compared with the equally weighted DSMC. Meanwhile, computational cost can be largely reduced in contrast with direct numerical simulation.     

基于贝叶斯平滑转移模型的汇率非线性协整关系研究

针对平滑转移模型参数估计不确定性导致的协整检验方法相对复杂问题,提出基于平滑转移模型的贝叶斯非线性协整分析。通过模型的统计结构分析,选择参数先验分布,结合参数的后验条件分布特征设计Metropolis-Hasting-Gibbs混合抽样方案,据此估计平滑转移模型的参数,并对回归残差进行贝叶斯单位根检验,解决参数估计过程中遇到的参数估计不确定性及协整检验复杂的问题;利用人民币对美元汇率与中美两国的利率数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明:MH-Gibbs抽样方案能够有效估计平滑转移模型的参数,中美汇率波动和利差之间存在平滑转移协整关系。     

Asymmetric Coupling in Two-Lane Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Processes with Unequal Injection Rates: Effect of Different Hoping Rates

This paper investigates the effect of both unequal injection rates and different hopping rates on two-lane asymmetric simple exclusion processes(ASEPs) with asymmetric coupling. When the hopping rates of both lanes are different, the system includes six steady phases, however, when the hopping rates of both lanes are same, the seventh phase(MC, MC) will exist in the system. Interestingly, with different hopping rates of both lanes, the densities of the system cannot be influenced by the non-zero vertical transition rate. Our theoretical arguments are in well agreement with extensively performed Monte Carlo simulations.     

Structure and Dynamics of Confined Polymer Melts from Attractive Interaction to Repulsive Interaction Between Polymer and Smooth Wall

We studied the static and dynamic properties of unentangled polymer chains which have a variable strength of interaction with the confining smooth walls by means of the lattice Monte Carlo simulation based on the bond-fluctuation model, that is, investigated the wall-polymer interactions which systematically vary from attraction to repulsion. A critical value of attractive potential(ε_wc) is found to be -0.6k_BT, and only below it can the adsorption layer of monomers be formed near the wall. At the critical point of attraction ε_wc, attractive interaction counterba- lances the wall-polymer excluded volume effect, which minimizes the confinement effects on both chain dimension and mobility. Influences on both chain dimension and mobility increase with the increasing of either attraction or repulsion imposed by the walls. Despite of the nature and strength of the wall-polymer interaction, with the decrease of film thickness, configurations more parallelly aligned and flattened are adopted by confined chains, and a systematic trend of deceleration is found. Variations of chain dynamics with both film thickness and wall-polymer interaction can be well explained by the corresponding changes in the confinement of the nearest-neighboring particles that surround the chains. Besides, the thickness of the interfacial layer inside polymer films, where chains adopt a flattened “pancake” shape, is about two times the bulk radius of gyration and independent of the wall-polymer interaction.     

Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation of isotherm for hydrogen adsorption on nanoporous siliceous zeolites at room temperature

Zeolites belong to a most prominent class of nanoporous materials which have been considered as potential sorbents for hydrogen storage. The adsorption of hydrogen molecules on purely siliceous zeolites such as ACO, MEP, ASV, ANA, RWY, and RHO, which encompass a range of different pore structures and their chemical compositions has been simulated employing Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) procedure for a temperature range of 250-325 K, and a pressure range of 0-10 kbar. The effects of pore structure of zeolites, temperature and pressure on the hydrogen adsorption has been examined. The results clearly show that the number of adsorbed hydrogen molecules at high pressure, only depends on pore diameter, and the temperature effect on the adsorption decreases with decrease in the number of adsorbed of hydrogen molecules.